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    <article id="post-excel-formula-function-concept" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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      <a class="article-title" href="/study-excel/excel-formula-function-concept/">Excel 公式与函数概念</a>
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        <h2 id="公式"><a href="#公式" class="headerlink" title="公式"></a>公式</h2><p>Excel 中，公式在工作表上进行多种数据计算或其他操作。公式有以下特点：</p>
<ul>
<li>所有输入的公式以等号（&#x3D;）开头；</li>
<li>输入等号（&#x3D;）后，可输入计算表达式或 Excel 函数：<ul>
<li>计算表达式：<code>=A1+A2+A3+A4</code>；</li>
<li>Excel 函数：<code>=SUM(A1:A4)</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>使用冒号（:）表示一个连续的单元格区域。</li>
</ul>
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<h2 id="公式实例"><a href="#公式实例" class="headerlink" title="公式实例"></a>公式实例</h2><ul>
<li>&#x3D;2*4 + 1：返回2和4相乘，再加1的结果。</li>
<li>&#x3D;A1 + B1：返回 A1 单元格和 B1 单元格相加结果。</li>
<li>&#x3D;MAX(B1：B10)：返回 B1 到B10 单元格区域中的最大值。</li>
<li>&#x3D;NOW()：返回当前时间。</li>
<li>IF(A1 &#x3D; “”, “空白单元格”, “非空单元格”)：判断 A1 单元格的值是否等于空置，如果是，返回文本值“空白单元格”，否则返回文本值”非空单元格”。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="函数"><a href="#函数" class="headerlink" title="函数"></a>函数</h2><p>函数是预先写好的一个运算公式，接受零或多个参数返回计算结果。Excel 已内置文本函数、逻辑函数、财务函数和数学与三角函数等不同分类的函数供用户直接使用。也可以根据需求，编写自定义函数，在表格内调用。</p>
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        <p>当编写 Excel 公式时，根据公式的不同，可以包含以下任意一个或全部要素：</p>
<ul>
<li>常数：直接写入公式的数字或文本；</li>
<li>单元格引用：指向想要在公式里使用的值的单元格引用；</li>
<li>名称：为单元格区域、常数、表格或函数定义的名称；</li>
<li>函数：Excel 内置函数或用户自定义函数；</li>
<li>运算符：执行特定操作的操作符，例如，计算、比较或连接字符。</li>
</ul>
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      <a class="article-title" href="/study-excel/excel-formula-math-operations/">Excel 公式中的算数运算符</a>
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        <h2 id="算数运算符"><a href="#算数运算符" class="headerlink" title="算数运算符"></a>算数运算符</h2><p>Excel 公式中的算数运算符用于执行基本的数学运算，例如相加、相减、相乘或相除。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_d3cf6a23add3c3fcaccdc3b8438af517.png"></p>
<h2 id="实例"><a href="#实例" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h2><p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_26cd271e71df735caeae97e849693067.png"></p>

      
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        <h2 id="比较运算符"><a href="#比较运算符" class="headerlink" title="比较运算符"></a>比较运算符</h2><p>Excel 公式中，比较或逻辑运算符用于比较两个值。比较运算符的结果为 <code>TRUE（1）</code> 或 <code>FALSE（0）</code>。</p>
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      <a class="article-title" href="/study-excel/excel-formula-connect-operations/">Excel 公式中的文字连接运算符</a>
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        <h2 id="连接运算符"><a href="#连接运算符" class="headerlink" title="连接运算符"></a>连接运算符</h2><p>Excel 公式中的连接运算符用于将两个或多个文本连接成一个文本。</p>
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      <a class="article-title" href="/study-excel/excel-formula-reference-operations/">Excel 公式中的引用操作符</a>
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        <h2 id="引用操作符"><a href="#引用操作符" class="headerlink" title="引用操作符"></a>引用操作符</h2><p>Excel 公式中，使用引用操作符返回指定单元格区域。</p>
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      <a class="article-title" href="/study-excel/excel-formula-operations-priority/">Excel 公式中运算符的优先级</a>
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        <p>在 Excel 中编写公式时，根据运算符位置的不同，将会得到不同的结果。因此了解各运算符的计算优先级将有助于更好的编写公式，得到想要的结果。</p>
<h2 id="计算顺序"><a href="#计算顺序" class="headerlink" title="计算顺序"></a>计算顺序</h2><p>公式总是以等号（&#x3D;）开头，紧接着编写的常量、运算符、引用或函数被 Excel 理解为公式的一部分，Excel按照从左到右的顺序计算公式。</p>
<h2 id="运算符优先级"><a href="#运算符优先级" class="headerlink" title="运算符优先级"></a>运算符优先级</h2><p>当公式中同时包含多种运算符时，将根据以下顺序计算公式。如果公式同时包含相同优先级的运算符，例如，同时包含加和减符号，则从左到右的顺序计算。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_326cbba7a17298c67d99d60c7f50aae6.png"></p>
<h2 id="圆括号"><a href="#圆括号" class="headerlink" title="圆括号"></a>圆括号</h2><p>因为圆括号始终是第一个计算的，使用圆括号可以改变运算符计算优先级。只需要将优先计算的部分用圆括号括起来即可。例如：</p>
<ul>
<li>原式：&#x3D;2 + 3%，结果为 203%；</li>
<li>新式：&#x3D;(2 + 3)%，结果为 5%。</li>
</ul>

      
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      <a class="article-title" href="/study-excel/excel-cell-reference-3-types/">Excel 单元格引用的 3 中类型</a>
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        <p>Excel 中，有三种单元格引用。</p>
<h2 id="绝对引用：-A-1"><a href="#绝对引用：-A-1" class="headerlink" title="绝对引用：$A$1"></a>绝对引用：$A$1</h2><p>绝对引用方式下，包含引用的单元格在复制或移动到其他单元格时，其包含的引用始终指向同一个单元格，不会改变。绝对引用通过在单元格的行和列地址前加美元符号（$）来表示。</p>
<p>例如，在 D1 单元格输入 &#x3D;$A$1，复制到 D1:E4 单元格区域，引用始终指向 A1 单元格不变。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_c2d3a5c886fb937e1903e581d48c8b0e.png"></p>
<h2 id="相对引用：A1"><a href="#相对引用：A1" class="headerlink" title="相对引用：A1"></a>相对引用：A1</h2><p>相对引用方式下，包含引用的单元格在复制或移动到其他单元格时，其包含的引用指向的单元格也会向同方向和同距离移动。相对引用通过单元格的行和列地址表示。</p>
<p>例如，在 D1 单元格输入 &#x3D;A1，复制到 D1:E4 单元格区域，引用指向的单元格跟去复制的方向而改变。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_0ca442cd62337af4e3ed6d52b9e7fdde.png"></p>
<h2 id="混合引用：-A1-或-A-1"><a href="#混合引用：-A1-或-A-1" class="headerlink" title="混合引用：$A1 或 A$1"></a>混合引用：$A1 或 A$1</h2><p>混合引用模式下，包含引用的单元格在复制或移动到其他单元格时，其包含的引用，根据行和列地址前是否有美元符号（$），表现不同的变化模式。如列地址前有 $，则列不变，</p>
<p>行号同步改变；如行号前有 $，则列同步改变，行号不变。</p>
<p>例如，在 D1 单元格输入 &#x3D;$A1，复制到 D1:E4 单元格区域，由于列地址是绝对引用，所以其指向的列地址始终不变，指向 A 列；行地址是相对引用，所以指向的行地址同步改变。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_b8c954071f88d169e7fe50e7d66ac3db.png"></p>
<h2 id="实例"><a href="#实例" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h2><p><strong>目标：</strong>使用公式每个月统计 1 至本月的销量。</p>
<p><strong>思路：</strong>使用 SUM 函数，用绝对引用的方式引用 1 月的销量，用相对引用的方式引用当月的销量，这样每次复制公式时，引用的区域开始单元格为 1 月的数量不变，当月随着公式复制向下移动，达到统计 1 至本月销量的目标。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_20ab7d39a642ec325e0c38d545f1e774.png"></p>

      
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      <a class="article-title" href="/study-excel/excel-formula-3d-reference/">Excel 3-D 类型引用</a>
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        <h2 id="说明"><a href="#说明" class="headerlink" title="说明"></a>说明</h2><p>按照一定的约定规则，使用 3-D引用方式可以同时引用多个工作表中相同的单元格区域。当你需要在多个工作表中同一个位置的数据进行操作时，可以使用 3-D 引用方式。当使用该引用方式时，Excel 使用提供的第一个工作表和第二个工作表中间的所有工作表的数据。例如，公式</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">=SUM(Sheet1:Sheet3!A1) </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>将 Sheet1、Sheet2 和 Sheet3 工作表 A1位置数字进行求和。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_fe5b1966a23b920a702727d69b8783fb.png"></p>
<h2 id="要点"><a href="#要点" class="headerlink" title="要点"></a>要点</h2><ul>
<li>可以使用 3-D 引用样式的函数有：SUM, AVERAGE, AVERAGEA, COUNT, COUNTA,MAX, MAXA, MIN, MINA, PRODUCT, STDEV.P, STDEV.S, STDEVA, STDEVPA, VAR.P, VAR.S,VARA, and VARPA 函数。</li>
<li>在数组公式中无法使用 3-D 引用样式。</li>
<li>3-D 引用样式不能与交叉运算符同时使用。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="当移动、复制、插入、删除工作表时3-D-引用样式的变化"><a href="#当移动、复制、插入、删除工作表时3-D-引用样式的变化" class="headerlink" title="当移动、复制、插入、删除工作表时3-D 引用样式的变化"></a>当移动、复制、插入、删除工作表时3-D 引用样式的变化</h2><p>公式&#x3D;SUM(Sheet1:Sheet5!A1:A10) 将对 Sheet1 到 Sheet5 工作表 A1:A10 区域进行求和。以下为不同情况对公式的影响：</p>
<ol>
<li>插入或复制工作表。当 Sheet1 和 Sheet5 节点工作表之间插入或复制新的工作表时，公式将计算其值。</li>
<li>删除工作表。当 Sheet1 和 Sheet5 节点工作表之间删除某一工作表时，公式将不计算其值。</li>
<li>移动工作表。当 Sheet1 和 Sheet5 节点工作表之的某一工作表移除到两个节点之外，公式将不计算其值。</li>
<li>移动节点工作表。当移动节点工作表时，公式计算移动后两个节点工作表中间所有工作表的值。</li>
<li>删除节点工作表。当删除节点工作表时，公式将不计算其值。</li>
</ol>

      
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        <h2 id="什么是单元格"><a href="#什么是单元格" class="headerlink" title="什么是单元格"></a>什么是单元格</h2><p>单元格引用表示工作表上单元格的位置。在公式中想要获取目标单元格的值时，使用目标单元格所在列的字母标题和行的数字标题组成的符号表示该单元格的引用，并在公式中使用该单元格的值。例如，在 A1 单元格输入公式 &#x3D;C1 时，它会引用 C1 单元格并获取其值，显示在 A1 单元格内。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_384d38206c8447de6fba362567210dc0.png"></p>
<h2 id="引用范围"><a href="#引用范围" class="headerlink" title="引用范围"></a>引用范围</h2><p>使用单元格引用可以引用一个单元格，也可以引用多个单元格，即单元格区域；可以引用当前工作表上的单元格，也可以引用不同工作表或不同工作簿上的单元格。引用格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">=[工作簿名称]工作表标题!单元格地址</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>当引用相同工作表里的单元格时，工作簿名称和工作表标题可省略。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_536d2f7384476d7d0f2af80507e79989.png"></p>
<h2 id="工作表内常用引用格式"><a href="#工作表内常用引用格式" class="headerlink" title="工作表内常用引用格式"></a>工作表内常用引用格式</h2><p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_744d24a8a6c61b241169499884f15ba9.png"></p>

      
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